Wednesday, January 18, 2012

Gastric Emptying after the Duodenal switch and the Sleeve Gastrectomy

I am frequently asked what the transit time is from the time food is ingested to the time stomach empties. The emptying of the stomach depends on a number of complex factors including the function of the pylorus, the type of the food ingested, and a number of known and possibly unknown regulatory hormones.

In a previously published newsletter we have already discussed a number of hormones that play a role in the regulatory function of the GI track.

The detail of information that is not available is posted in the newsletter section of our website.


Sunday, January 15, 2012

Adjustable Gastric Banding Revision

There has been continuous flow of information on the outcome of the Adjustable Gastric Banding procedures. I am asked if I have an opinion on the choice of patient who should consider revving from one Band to another one because of inadequate weight loss or complications of the first procedure.
In my opinion, there is almost no reason why a band should be removed and be replaced with another one. More detail is located in the newsletter section of the website.

Tuesday, January 3, 2012

Sleeve Gastrectomy post operative diet

A relatively common  question asked post operatively  is regarding the pace at which the diet should be advanced.

In our practice, patients are given a simple list  that describes 3 broad categories.  They are Bariatric 1, Bariatric 2, and Bariatric soft diet.

Each patient should advance their diet over a matter of 1-4 weeks. The most  important point to remember is that each one of us individually will respond differently to the food at a given point after surgery. The safest  method to advance the diet would be to pay attention to what your body is telling you. If a patient is tolerating Bariatric 1 and Bariatric 2 diet, then they should be able to advance to soft diet as outlined in one or 2 weeks. Alternatively if the patient is having difficulty getting they required water in on daily basis, then advancing to soft diet may not necessarily be correct at that point.

The basic order of the foods is  water, protein, everything else. What this essentially means ease that  a large salad is only healthy and useful to a patient bodies needs if adequate amount of protein has been consumed.

Monday, December 26, 2011

How do different medication that treat constipation work?

General Surgery News, November 2011

Constipation is a prevalent problem in adult US population. This however is not an issue for most duodenal switch patients. Constipation is defined as having less than three bowel movements per week, and is considered sever if there is less that one bowel movements per week. The benchmark for normal bowel function is considered, to be one bowel movement a day. Most of the time the cause of the constipation is considered to be idiopathic (no underlying origin identified). In these cases the treatment is symptomatic.

The treatment options for constipations are outlined in the table below:

Treatment option
Pros
Cons
Lubricants (Mineral Oil)
·      Facilitated bowel movements
·      Promotes soft bulk
·      Limits fat soluble vitamin absorption
·      Interaction with Birth control pill and Coumadin
Emollients (Colace, Docusate)
·      Penetrates stool
·      Effective for painful anal fissure
·      May cause increased gas and bloating
Hyperosmolar Laxatives (Miralax)
·      Promotes water retention in stool
·      May cause increased gas and bloating
Saline Laxatives (Fleet, MOM, Mag. Citrate)
·      Rapid acting
·      May casue of electrolyte imbalances
Stimulants (Dulcolax, Senekot, Ex-Lax)
·      Increase water in stool
·      Prolonged use can cause dependence of the GI track
Herbs (Green Tea)
·      Natural in origin
·      Prolonged use can cause dependence
Bulking agents
·      Absorbs water, softens and bulkens the stool
·      May cause increased gas and bloating



Increased rates of Alcoholism is seen in Gastric bypass patients


This study comes from Dr. Östlund of the Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery of the Stockholm.  He studied over 12,000 patients that either had the Gastric bypass or a gastric restrictive procedure, and looked at their follow up data for and average of 8.9 years. There were more than 122,000 data points that were matched for a number of variables, including age, gender and type of the procedure. “…Patient undergoing gastric bypass were 2.3 times more likely that those receiving banding procedures to get inpatient treatment for alcohol-Related diagnosis.” The significance of this study, as pointed out by the authors, is that the data is very reliable because of the fact that the majority of the patients could be followed up over a very long period of time.

Monday, October 17, 2011

Yearly lab and medication requests

As a practice matures and evolves, decisions are made and changes are instituted to assure that the quality of care delivered is not compromised. Most of our decisions are driven by factors (medical, regulatory, legal) that are out of our control. There are two significant changes that we have had to make to our laboratory ordering process.

First, we now have preferred laboratories that have partnered with us. The results are expected to be sent to us electronically, which should cut down on the time from the blood drawing and the results being available to us. The information on the preferred labs is located at:  http://www.dssurgery.com/lab.  Needless to say, there are no financial incentives for us. You should also check with one of the labs as well as your insurance company to make sure that they are a contracted facility, and that the order is covered under your policy. It is your responsibility to make sure that your insurance company will pay for the labs ordered. We are not in any way responsible for verification of benefits the laboratory services that we order.

Secondly, we have had to institute the way we order our yearly lab work. 

As most of you are aware it is critical that weight loss surgical patient's have continuous yearly follow-up care and monitoring.  The close and detailed surveys of the laboratory studies are even more important within the first 3-5 years.   With majority of the patients, most laboratories have stabilized and normalized it in that time frame. This is why it is critical that the patient’s continue to have yearly follow up care, not only by doing their scheduled laboratory studies, but also by yearly exam.

As a part of our commitment to quality patient care, we provide comprehensive two-year follow-up to the patient's having Duodenal Switch or Revisions with us. This includes ordering the laboratory studies, review and interpretation of the results, as well as office visits-as frequently as required or deemed necessary. 

After the initial two years, patients continue to get request letters, and in some cases, patients continue to follow up with us in the office for an office visit.  In overwhelming number of cases, however, patients started taking their laboratory studies to their primary care physicians for interpretation-, which was not ordered by them.

The standard of care would require that the physician ordering the labs would evaluate the patient and recommend treatment as necessary based on the evaluation and the results of the studies.

What does this all mean? Every single patient will get his or her lab request letters starting this month. If your surgery was more that 5 years ago, then this will be the last year that you get a letter from us, unless you contact us and request that a follow up office visit, and continuation of your laboratory draws on a year by year basis. This will be done based on our evaluation weather or not just ordering laboratory studies will be adequate or not. In some cases we may require that you either see us for a follow up visit, or see your primary care and have them order the studies.
We will continue providing the lab request letters to all out patients for the first five years after surgery. Thereafter, we will continue to monitor if the patient contacts our office for follow up care and lab order requests.

This is to assure that we are not ordering tests on patients who will not follow up with us.

Over the years, patients have also requested that medication be prescribed solely based on lab results when they have not been seen in our office for years.   We will not prescribe any medication to any patient if we have not seen them recently. Exception would be for patients, or conditions that the treating we have a first hand knowledge of are not new findings based on a patients long-term condition.  There are cases when a patient calls our office 8 years after their surgery asking for Flagyl, for gas, when they were seen in our office last 5 years ago. W will not prescribe this medication, for this patient.

Sunday, July 31, 2011

Vitamin D supplements

Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin.  It plays an important role in bone metabolism and structure. It has also been found to affect the immune regulation, controlled off inflammatory reactions, and also be involved in a number of broad cellular functions throughout her body.  Until a few years ago very little attention  was given to vitamin D levels. More recently  we have called to realize that because of the number of factors there is a tendency for vitamin D deficiency to be present an adult US population. This finding is even more pronounced and more severe in overweight patients.

The recommended dose  for vitamin D supplementation, is much larger today than it was a few years ago. For example it is not too uncommon to recommend an average dose of 50,000  (IU) international unit of vitamin D by mouth on daily basis after the duodenal switch operation.
Since vitamin D. is a fat soluble vitamin, is also important that the appropriate type  be utilized. Dry  formulation of vitamin D is  needed to ensure adequate absorption. There are a number of manufacturers that produce these. When searching for one,"Dry" D3-50  she would be looked for. Some larger   supplements manufacturer's carry these products. The links to these manufacturers is located here.